高考阅读理解教学设计---细节理解和推理判断

Learning aims

1.To improve the abilities in searching for useful clues to help with the choices in a reading material.

2.To learn some useful skills in reading, especially reading for detailed information and inference.

Learning procedures

Step 1  Warming up

【小试牛刀】Passage A

  [1] Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. As he got closer, he found another vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

  [2] The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he had made an emergency call. They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.

  [3] Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man backed off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the police if he was needed or free to go. They let him and the other man go.

  [4] One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His efforts most likely saved the woman’s life.【选材2016全国卷Ⅰ完形填空】

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

  A. Larry caused an accident after he delivered to one of his customers.

  B. A helpful driver helped to save a woman who met with an accident on the way back from work.

  C. Larry and another man sent a woman to hospital after a car accident.

  D. Larry and another man managed to pull a woman out of a wrecked car before it exploded.

2. How many cars are mentioned in para.1?

  A. 2    B. 3      C. 4    D. 5

3. Why did Larry tell the woman to stay still?

  A. Because the wrecked car wouldn't explode.

  B. Because the woman couldn't move.

  C. In case she injured her neck.

  D. Because Larry had already put out the fire.

4. Put what Larry did in the story in right order.

  ①told the woman to stay still;

  ②saw a car with its bright lights on;

  ③pulled over, got hold of the fire extinguisher to put out the fire;

  ④backed off and let the emergency personnel go to work ;

  ⑤told the woman that he had put out of the fire to comfort her;

  ⑥found a vehicle upside down on the road.

   A . ⑥②①③④⑤     B. ③⑥②①⑤④

   C. ②⑥①③④⑤     D. ②⑥③①⑤④

Brainstorming

1. Why did the other man have the bright lights of his car on?

2. Why did Larry and the other man back off and let the emergency people go to work when the rescuing people arrived?

Step 2  Reading for detailed information

Question forms:

1. 以W/H-疑问词开头引出的问题。

2. 判断是非问题。含有true/false/right/wrong/correct等词，注意题干是否含有except等词。

3. 填空式问题形式。如:When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from_____.

【Exercise 1】

   I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.   

   I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.【2017全国卷Ⅰ】

Q: Why was the author called to Muttontown?
    A. To rescue a woman.                          B. To take care of a woman.
    C. To look at a baby owl.               D. To cure a young owl.

【Exercise 2】

   The Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans has added an unconventional course to its curriculum. Medical students can now take cooking classes in addition to their usual training. This is intended to improve doctors’ nutritional knowledge and encourage them to use food to prevent or cure illnesses.【2018济宁市一模】

 Q: Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

    A. Take a Cooking Course         B. Learn to Be a Good Doctor

    C. Live Your Life to the Full       D. Let Food Be Your Medicine

【Strategy 1】

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Step 3  Inference（推断）in reading

Question forms:

问题中常含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude, mean等词，或含有表示推测的情态动词can, could, might, would等，以及一些表示可能性的副词如probably, likely等。如：

1. What can we infer about the audience?(2017全国卷Ⅲ)

   2. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?(2016全国卷Ⅱ)

   3. What can we learn about Decio?(2016全国卷Ⅲ)

   4. What Mr.Smith said suggests that_________

【Exercise 3】

     A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5’×5’ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.【2017全国卷Ⅰ】

Q: What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?

   A. It’s delicate.   B. It’s expensive.   C. It’s complex.     D. It’s portable.

【Exercise 4】

 Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.【2017全国卷Ⅲ】

Q: What will probably happen to the building?

  A. It will be repaired.                B. It will be turned into a museum.

  C. It will be knocked down.              D. It will be sold to the city government.

【Strategy 2】

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Step 4 运用逻辑关系，处理阅读理解七选五题型

【小试牛刀】Passage B

     The running of bulls is a Spanish tradition in Pamplona. It starts on July 6^th exactly at midday when the mayor of Pamplona shoots a pistol gun.  1__. The participants are usually dressed in white and wear red neck-cloths and belts. They open champagne(香槟酒)，mostly used for sprinkling other people.

      2  . They were sellers, gamblers, wind bands, and tourists. The main event is running of the bulls. It starts every day at eight in the morning from July 7^th to July 14^th near the Plaza Santo Domingo and they run ,sometimes wildly, sometimes less. As a sign that the run has begun they shoot the first pistol gun.   3  . Six bulls which are trying to attack the participants from behind run down the 820 meters long street to the bullring(斗牛场) with a lot of audiences.    4    .

     The bullfights in the stadium begin at half past six in the afternoon. First, there comes the first bull. There is also a person called “picador”(斗牛士), who waves a red cloth in front of the bull.    5  . Later when the bull is tired, there comes another person----a “matador” who kills it with an arrow. The same thing happens with other bulls. At the end of the celebration all the bulls come to the stadium and another pistol gun is shot as sign that the bullfights are finished.

A. It makes the bull very nervous.

B. It is one of the great events in the city.

C. There are a lot of people on the street.

D. This is a sign that the celebration has started.

E. The participants can also get hurt or even killed.

F. Then they shoot the second one when the bulls are out on the streets.

G. That makes the bull very wild and it starts to run all over the stadium.

解题策略：

1. 线索词

    线索词主要是：①空格前后的名词和动词，解题时注意从7个选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语；

②表示时间、地点、名称等的专有名词；

③代词 it, one, they, them, this, that, these, those等。

④表示各种逻辑关系的关联词（并列，转折，因果关系等）在选择答案时非常重要。如:however, similarly, also, therefore, moreover, as a result, to begin with, then, finally, afterwards, on the other hand等。

【Exercise 5】

If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.  40  .Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.【2016全国卷Ⅱ】

  A. Find a good place for your own garden.

  B. It’s our experience of the garden that matters.

  C. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too.

  D. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have.

2. 连贯性。

   读懂空格前后的句子，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中进行选择。题目在句首通常为主题句；题目在段尾，通常为结论性、概括性语句；题目在段中，要瞻前顾后，更加注意上下文的连贯性和逻辑性。

【Exercise 6】

●Give them the benefit of the doubt

       37   . If you’re in doubt about something, ask your friend. Be respectful and give them the benefit of the doubt when you don’t do. This alone will help you stay in their good graces.【2018日照市一模】

A. Assumptions can be a dangerous thing.

D. Tell your friends what you think about directly.

E. In fact, you can almost do nothing but accept the differences.

Step 5  Summary

Step 6  Homework